Brugia malayi , also known as Malayan filaria, can be found in mosquito breeding areas around the world, where it can cause Malayan filariasis or elephantiasis. Philippines, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, New Guinea, Vietnam, Thailand, and…
Diseases caused by Guinea worm Dracunculosis, also known as guinea worm infection, is found in Africa, India, Asia, Pakistan, and the Middle East. Copepods live in fresh water, particularly in areas known as step wells,…
Trichinella spiralis commonly known as Trichina worm causing Trichinosis, trichinellosis is found worldwide, with the exception of the tropics, where it is only rarely reported, and is most common in meat-eating people. This organism has…
Hookworm refers to two different organisms: Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. There are two major distinctions between the two organisms. First, the geographic distribution of each organism varies slightly. Second, and more importantly for identification,…
The Papovaviridae family is made up of papovaviruses, which are viruses with small, enveloped, icosahedral capsids and double-stranded, circular DNA. The term papova comes from the first two letters of the virus names (pa, papillomaviruses;…
Trichuris trichiura commonly known as whipworm causing trichuriasis or whipworm infectionis the third most common helminth, and it is found primarily in warm climates where poor sanitation practices, such as defecating directly into the soil…
Ascariasis lumbricoides commonly known as the large intestinal roundworm, roundworm of man causing ascariasis or roundworm infection is the world’s most common intestinal helminth infection, affecting approximately 1 billion people. It is the second most…
Koh-Calcofluor White Stain is used to detect the presence of Acanthamoeba fungal elements and cysts in clinical specimens. Principle of Koh-Calcofluor White Stain The alkali potassium hydroxide (10 percent KOH) aids in the digestion of…
The antigenic specificity of the antigen is determined by antigenic determinants or epitopes. What is an Epitope? The immunologically active region of an immunogen that binds to antigen-specific membrane receptors on lymphocytes or secreted antibodies…
Poxviruses are the largest and most complex viruses found in humans, birds, animals, and insects. These viruses, which are members of the Poxviridae family, comprise a large group of DNA viruses that are morphologically similar…
